Epstein-Barr Virus-associated Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma Identified in a Breast Implant Capsule

Background: Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma is a relatively uncommon T-cell lymphoma with about 900 reported cases worldwide to April 2020 according to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Physician Resources information. Case presentation: A 51-year old woman was found to have an Epstein-Barr virus–related diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (EBV-DLCBCL) in her left breast periimplant capsule at the time of a second revision breast implant surgery for recurrent severe capsular contractures following cosmetic breast augmentation 21 years previously. The first revision operation, 15 years earlier, had comprised simple implant exchange from smooth-saline to textured-silicone gel prostheses. Results: Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses of the periimplant capsulectomy specimen confirmed a B cell lymphoma which was, in addition, positive for EBV-encoded RNA on in-situ hybridization. Staging investigations including positron emission tomography-computed tomography did not reveal any metastatic disease. Discussion and Conclusion: Despite recommendations to the contrary (by 2 independent hematological malignancy multidisciplinary teams), the patient has declined explantation of her new breast implants choosing instead to be observed under a watch-and-wait protocol. She remains disease-free 2 years postdiagnosis. To date, a diffuse B-cell lymphoma has never been documented as arising in a breast implant capsule or in association with breast augmentation whether associated with EBV or not. This is the first such report in the world.