Update of the current knowledge on genetics, evolution, immunopathogenesis, and transmission for coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)

Tizaoui, Kalthoum and Zidi, Ines and Lee, Keum Hwa and Ghayda, Ramy A. and Hong, Sung Hwi and Li, Han and Smith, Lee and Koyanagi, Ai and Jacob, Louis and Kronbichler, Andreas and Shin, Jae Il (2020) Update of the current knowledge on genetics, evolution, immunopathogenesis, and transmission for coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). International Journal of Biological Sciences, 16 (15). pp. 2906-2923. ISSN 1449-2288

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Abstract

In December 2019, an acute respiratory disease caused by novel species of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in China and has spread throughout the world. On 11th March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) a pandemic, severe coronavirus-mediated human disease. Based on genomic and phylogenetic studies, SARS-CoV-2 might originate from bat coronaviruses and infects humans directly or through intermediate zoonotic hosts. However, the exact origin or the host intermediate remains unknown. Genetically, SARS-CoV-2 is similar to several existing coronaviruses, particularly SARS-CoV, but differs by silent and non-silent mutations. The virus uses different transmission routes and targets cells and tissues with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) protein, which makes it contagious. COVID-19 shares both the main clinical features and excessive/dysregulated cell responses with the two previous Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS) epidemics. In this review, we provide an update of the current knowledge on the COVID-19 pandemic. Gaining a deeper understanding of SARS-CoV-2 structure, transmission routes, and molecular responses, will assist in the prevention and control of COVID-19 outbreaks in the future.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Keywords:	COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 genomics, Genetic Variation, Transmission, SARS-CoV-2, evolution, Immunity
Faculty:	Faculty of Science & Engineering COVID-19 Research Collection
SWORD Depositor:	Symplectic User
Depositing User:	Symplectic User
Date Deposited:	27 Aug 2020 13:05
Last Modified:	09 Sep 2021 18:52
URI:	https://arro.anglia.ac.uk/id/eprint/705806

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