Exploring the Interrelationship between Additive Manufacturing and Industry 4.0

Innovative technologies allow organizations to remain competitive in the market and increase their profitability. These driving factors have led to the adoption of several emerging technologies and no other trend has created more of an impact than Industry 4.0 in recent years. This is an umbrella term that encompasses several digital technologies that are geared toward automation and data exchange in manufacturing technologies and processes. These include but are not limited to several latest technological developments such as cyber-physical systems, digital twins, Internet of Things, cloud computing, cognitive computing, and artificial intelligence. Within the context of Industry 4.0, additive manufacturing (AM) is a crucial element. AM is also an umbrella term for several manufacturing techniques capable of manufacturing products by adding layers on top of each other. These technologies have been widely researched and implemented to produce homogeneous and heterogeneous products with complex geometries. This paper focuses on the interrelationship between AM and other elements of Industry 4.0. A comprehensive AM-centric literature review discussing the interaction between AM and Industry 4.0 elements whether directly (used for AM) or indirectly (used with AM) has been presented. Furthermore, a conceptual digital thread integrating AM and Industry 4.0 technologies has been proposed. The need for such interconnectedness and its benefits have been explored through the content-centric literature review. Development of such a digital thread for AM will provide significant benefits, allow companies to respond to customer requirements more efficiently, and will accelerate the shift toward smart manufacturing.