The Breast Size Satisfaction Survey (BSSS): Breast Size Dissatisfaction and its Antecedents and Outcomes in Women from 40 Nations

Swami, Viren, Tran, Ulrich S., Barron, David, Afhami, Reza, Aimé, Annie, Almenara, Carlos A., Alp Dal, Nursel, Amaral, Ana C. S., Andrianto, Sonny, Anjum, Gulnaz, Argyrides, Marios, Atari, Mohammad, Aziz, Mudassar, Banai, Benjamin, Borowiec, Joanna, Brewis, Alexandra, Cakir Kocak, Yeliz, Campos, Juliana A. D. B., Carmona, Carmen, Chaleeraktrakoon, Trawin, Chen, Hong, Chobthamkit, Phatthanakit, Choompunuch, Bovornpot, Constantinos, Togas, Crumlish, Aine, Cruz, Julio E., Dalley, Simon E., Damayanti, Devi, Dare, Joanna, Donofrio, Stacey M., Draksler, Anja, Escasa-Dorne, Michelle, Fernandez, Elaine F., Ferreira, Maria E. C., Frederick, David A., García, Antonio A., Geller, Shulamit, George, Alexias, Ghazieh, Louai, Goian, Cosmin, Gorman, Colin, Grano, Caterina, Handelzalts, Jonathan E., Horsburgh, Heather, Jackson, Todd, Javela Delgado, Lady Grey, Jović, Marija, Jović, Marko, Kantanista, Adam, Kertechian, Sevag K., Kessels, Loes, Król-Zielińska, Magdalena, Kuan, Garry, Kueh, Yee Cheng, Kumar, Sanjay, Kvalem, Ingela L., Lombardo, Caterina, López Almada, Ernesto L., Maïano, Christophe, Manjary, Mandar, Massar, Karlijn, Matera, Camilla, Mereiles, Juliana F., Meskó, Norbert, Namatame, Hikari, Nerini, Amanda, Neto, Felix, Neto, Joana, Neves, Angela N., Ng, Siu-Kuen, Nithiya, Devi R., Omar, Salma S., Omori, Mika, Panasiti, Maria S., Pavela Banai, Irena, Pila, Eva, Pokrajac-Bulian, Alessandra, Postuvan, Vita, Prichard, Ivanka, Razmus, Magdelena, Sabiston, Catherine M., Sahlan, Reza N., Sarfo, Jacob O., Sawamiya, Yoko, Stieger, Stefan, SturtzSreetharan, Cindi, Tee, Eugene, ten Hoor, Gill A., Thongpibul, Kulvadee, Tipandjan, Arun, Tudorel, Otilia, Tylka, Tracy, Vally, Zahir, Vargas-Nieto, Juan C., Vega, Luis D., Vidal-Mollón, Jose, Vintila, Mona, Williams, Deborah, Wutich, Amber, Yamamiya, Yuko, Zambrano, Danilo, Zanetti, Marcelo C., Živčić-Bećirević, Ivanka and Voracek, Martin (2020) The Breast Size Satisfaction Survey (BSSS): Breast Size Dissatisfaction and its Antecedents and Outcomes in Women from 40 Nations. Body Image, 32. pp. 199-217. ISSN 1873-6807

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Abstract

The Breast Size Satisfaction Survey (BSSS) was established to assess women’s breast size dissatisfaction and breasted experiences from a cross-national perspective. A total of 18,541 women were recruited from 61 research sites across 40 nations and completed measures of current-ideal breast size discrepancy, as well as measures of theorised antecedents (personality, Western and local media exposure, and proxies of socioeconomic status) and outcomes (weight and appearance dissatisfaction, breast awareness, and psychological well-being). In the total dataset, 47.5% of women wanted larger breasts than they currently had, 23.2% wanted smaller breasts, and 29.3% were satisfied with their current breast size. There were significant cross-national differences in mean ideal breast size and absolute breast size dissatisfaction, but effect sizes were small (η2 = .02-.03). The results of multilevel modelling showed that greater Neuroticism, lower Conscientiousness, lower Western media exposure, greater local media exposure, lower financial security, and younger age were associated with greater breast size dissatisfaction across nations. In addition, greater absolute breast size dissatisfaction was associated with greater weight and appearance dissatisfaction, poorer breast awareness, and poorer psychological well-being across nations. These results indicate that breast size dissatisfaction is a global public health concern linked to women’s psychological and physical well-being.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Keywords:	Breast size, Breast ideals, Breast awareness, Personality, Psychological well-being, Cross-cultural psychology
Faculty:	Faculty of Science & Engineering
SWORD Depositor:	Symplectic User
Depositing User:	Symplectic User
Date Deposited:	27 Jan 2020 16:56
Last Modified:	09 Sep 2021 18:53
URI:	https://arro.anglia.ac.uk/id/eprint/705126

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