Anglia Ruskin Research Online (ARRO)
Browse

File(s) under permanent embargo

A Delphi study to develop practical diagnostic guidelines for visual stress (pattern-related visual stress)

journal contribution
posted on 2023-09-01, 14:00 authored by Bruce J. W. Evans, Peter M. Allen, Arnold J. Wilkins
Purpose: Visual stress (VS) is characterised by symptoms of visual perceptual distortions and eyestrain when viewing text, symptoms that are alleviated by individually prescribed coloured filters. A recent review supports the existence of VS and its treatment, but noted that controversy remains, in part due to inconsistencies in the diagnosis of the condition. The present paper reviews the diagnostic criteria for VS in the literature and reports a Delphi analysis of the criteria currently used in clinical practice. Methods: Twenty-six eyecare practitioners were invited to participate in a Delphi study. They were selected because they were frequent prescribers of precision tinted lenses. In the first round they were sent a list of the indicators for which there is literature to suggest a relevance in the diagnosis of VS. The practitioners were invited to rank the indicators and add any additional criteria they use in diagnosis. In the second round a revised list was circulated, including item added from the responses in the first Round. Results: The respondents included optometrists, orthoptists and opticians. In the first round the response rate was 85%. Ninety-one percent of those who participated in the first round also responded in the second round. Strong indicators in the second round included the symptom of words moving when reading, voluntary use of an overlay for a prolonged period, improved performance of ≥15% with an overlay on the Wilkins Rate of Reading test, and an abnormally high score on the Pattern Glare Test. Conclusions: The strongest diagnostic criteria are combined in a diagnostic tool. This is proposed as a guide for clinical practice and further research.

History

Refereed

  • Yes

Volume

10

Issue number

3

Page range

161-168

Publication title

Journal of Optometry

ISSN

1989-1342

Publisher

Elsevier

File version

  • Accepted version

Language

  • eng

Legacy posted date

2016-11-23

Legacy creation date

2016-11-16

Legacy Faculty/School/Department

ARCHIVED Faculty of Science & Technology (until September 2018)

Usage metrics

    ARU Outputs

    Categories

    No categories selected

    Exports

    RefWorks
    BibTeX
    Ref. manager
    Endnote
    DataCite
    NLM
    DC