Continuing after defeat; "radical anger" and the established church

This paper took on Thomson's notion that radical activity quietened down in the 1820s due to the rise in Methodism and an upturn in the economy. Instead this paper argued that radicals had been thoroughly defeated between 1819 and 1820 by a ruthless, but nonetheless efficient government spy system. Nevertheless radical ideas continued to be transmitted using alternative methods to the traditional ones of peaceful protest, rebellion and patronage, which had all failed, one of which was to attack the established church.